Primeiros animais que surgiram na Terra podem ter sido esponjas

[{"selector":"#anim-dc20a754-e2b6-4734-861c-77f26a00f971","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-836594c7-60ab-4225-a071-c0ab36b0f2e2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-317f0c14-827f-49ad-88e2-a7c4dfe45e58","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c9aa4fc4-e5b3-49ec-b132-a5b8da68b6b7","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Francesco Ungaro/Pexels

[{"selector":"#anim-95b19ebe-6384-4ba8-bed6-a3b0b0fa4645","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-db63f07d-d8f6-46f1-bdf3-6f91ced4ef0a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-dfc7dfcb-e6b0-42f7-8e0e-a54006fe5017","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c2fdeea2-c8cf-4243-974a-da920bdfeb2b","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0302d845-e95a-4aed-b958-371bce3dfcbf [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0, -3.0601217549598934%, 0)","translate3d(0, 0%, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] Estudo do Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) aponta que os primeiros animais da Terra provavelmente eram ancestrais das esponjas marinhas . A pesquisa identificou “fósseis químicos” preservados em rochas com mais de 541 milhões de anos Massimiliano Fiorese/Pexels

[{"selector":"#anim-79a584d8-1519-4374-af3a-2b82383c0b78","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-bd135e87-c774-456a-84bc-d71cc290602c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1dd2964f-3a5b-4383-9b7e-0b992555554b","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ae508b41-5dbb-4d9d-abc6-f79f0e2d4c37","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d03efcb2-cb2c-4325-b0e9-719b37cbd81e [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-19.95632556352168%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] Os resultados foram publicados na revista Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Segundo os pesquisadores, as rochas contêm moléculas raras que correspondem a compostos produzidos por demospôngias — um dos principais grupos de esponjas marinhas atuais Francesco Ungaro/Pexels

[{"selector":"#anim-2bb1b1bb-9094-4f57-80ea-a4c76a81b482 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(-6.520254329824517%, -6.395040755744229%) scale(0.8695652173913043)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cd08ca14-1dc4-4f89-8fcb-ae1d9051d552","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4ccf4e5e-623f-4380-bd42-3d5c00a270bb","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-eb5349dd-1432-4b93-b140-0bdc9f0f8ec7","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6b79349b-4a60-41b0-8156-3ce1a3e5a4ba","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Essas moléculas pertencem ao grupo dos esteranos, que são vestígios estáveis de esteróis, como o colesterol, componentes das membranas celulares de organismos complexos Francesco Ungaro/Pexels

[{"selector":"#anim-5d64b056-2d5f-430c-ac8e-d4913b95a747 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(13.229955368071987%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3ce8387b-5d58-4fc9-9192-4a3cac9e0b45","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9b843f97-ff57-4eff-840c-bcf5e06cb9c0","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cf776711-ec96-4d59-b185-4fd2df22518d","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f1b990cb-9892-405f-bfab-582ea914234a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] “Não sabemos exatamente como esses organismos se pareciam naquela época, mas certamente viviam no oceano, eram de corpo mole e presumimos que não tinham esqueleto de sílica”, afirmou o pesquisador Roger Summons, professor emérito de geobiologia do MIT Leonardo Lamas/Pexels

[{"selector":"#anim-ca234bc3-c27d-4089-90bb-c464a1bfc948 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0, 13.043478260869568%, 0)","translate3d(0, 0%, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-14f5de37-ced6-4f3e-9651-80d2a17f4db5","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6fe03089-38f1-4441-9a00-f3a26820db08","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2be92e37-4bec-4ef0-8e7b-aca8c341525f","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-74b00b72-d134-4715-a1ac-911d4bbe6603","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] O estudo retoma uma descoberta feita pelo grupo em 2009, quando foram identificados esteranos derivados de esteróis com 30 átomos de carbono (C30) em rochas de Omã Harvey Clements/Pexels

[{"selector":"#anim-a34a9982-2510-4918-a4b4-03356c445d1c [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(34.38143210522168%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-df143c54-181d-4841-8a2b-9c811c8173c9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a087794c-68da-4d89-896f-731761ac8d0c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ea5447fb-7532-4f4a-bf2a-319cdba6a310","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7491392b-a44e-45c2-bcaf-0d6d567ea0b8","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Na época, a hipótese de que as moléculas teriam origem em esponjas foi questionada por parte da comunidade científica Francesco Ungaro/Pexels

[{"selector":"#anim-ac79afd9-17fe-4bec-a9c1-682689d61153 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0, -3.4028527332207257%, 0)","translate3d(0, 0%, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ac31b40b-c274-4fca-bc28-32d96415fb88","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cdf2f542-16e5-4504-a5a7-a97a847d2f15","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-91e8ba25-0b9f-4934-bf75-64ab5115249f","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3620df53-00b5-428c-9a25-56e19014a658","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Na nova análise, os pesquisadores encontraram também esteranos ainda mais raros, com 31 átomos de carbono (C31), reforçando a hipótese de origem biológica ligada às demospongias Pascal Ingelrest/Pexels

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